Johann Schaefer, Arthur Schopenhauer, photograph, 1859, Frankfurt University Library (Schopenhauer-Archiv), public domain · Studio photograph of Arthur Schopenhauer taken in 1859 by the Frankfurt photographer Johann Schaefer (1822-1904), one of two surviving frames of the sitting held in the Frankfurt University Library (Schopenhauer-Archiv holdings; the Commons file page cites the library's digital record 81000013 and dates the sitting to March 1859, while Mayer-Wegelin's 2011 article dates Schaefer's first photograph of Schopenhauer to April 1859, so the year 1859 is the safe statement). The Schopenhauer-Jahrbuch article independently documents that Schopenhauer sat to Schaefer in 1859 and gave permission for carte-de-visite prints. The scan was downscaled once from 1,997 x 2,552 pixels to 939 x 1,200 pixels; nothing was upscaled. The image carries no lettering; the sitter is identified by the library record as cited on Commons and by the documented sitting. Caveat: the library's item-level catalogue page (edocs host) was unreachable and the persistent-link resolver was behind a bot challenge, so the holder's own rights wording could not be read; the basis is the age of the photograph (1859) and the photographer's death in 1904. · Public domain (1859 photograph; photographer Johann Schaefer died 1904)