Linus Pauling

Is the only person to have received two unshared Nobel Prizes -- the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) for research into the nature of the chemical bond, and the Nobel Peace Prize (1962) for his campaign against above-ground nuclear weapons testing.

Originated the resonance theory of the chemical bond and pioneered physical molecular-model-building as a working scientific tool, formative contributions a National Academy of Sciences memoir credits across quantum chemistry, protein structure, and disease-as-molecular-process research.

Declined J. Robert Oppenheimer's 1943 invitation to join the Manhattan Project, choosing to remain at Caltech and pursue his own research direction instead.

Turning down the era's most prestigious wartime scientific appointment to pursue his own direction is part of the basis for the profile's independent_thinking score. Independent Thinking

On seeing Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins's X-ray data disproving his own proposed triple-helix model of DNA, is reported to have said only that he had made a mistake.

This narrow but direct moment of conceding a public, high-profile error is part of the basis for the profile's ambiguity_tolerance score. Ambiguity Tolerance