

Lev Kryukov, Portrait of N. I. Lobachevsky, first half of the 19th century, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons · Portrait of Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, oil on canvas, by Lev Dmitrievich Kryukov (1783-1843), the painter employed at Kazan University, dated to the first half of the nineteenth century and in other lists to the 1830s or 1839, so painted in the sitter's lifetime by a painter who died in 1843. Because the painter died in 1843 the painting is in the public domain by age everywhere, and a faithful photograph of a flat painting adds no new copyright. The file is the unaltered 600 x 800 pixel image from Wikimedia Commons, whose page cites a Tatarstan museums-portal page (tatar.museum.ru, section 'univer') as its source; that page could not be opened, so the present owner of the canvas and any museum notice were not checked. No cropping, no resizing and no upscaling. · Public domain (painter died 1843)
핵심 특성
주요 업적
그는 1829~30년 카잔에서 유클리드의 평행선 공준이 성립하지 않는 무모순의 기하학, 곧 비유클리드 기하학에 관한 최초의 인쇄된 설명을 발표했다.
1827년부터 1846년까지 카잔 대학 총장으로서 새 건물과 천문대, 실험실의 건설을 이끌었고 1830~31년의 콜레라와 1842년의 화재 속에서 대학을 이끌었다.
그는 단델린, 그레페와 함께 대수방정식의 근을 구하는 방법과 무한급수의 수렴 판정 기준도 찾아냈다.
삶의 장면들
과학 인명 사전에 따르면 그는 시리우스, 리겔, 에리다누스자리 28번 별을 꼭짓점으로 하는 삼각형의 각의 합을 계산해 실제 공간의 기하가 관측 오차를 넘어 유클리드 기하와 다른지 검증했다.
이는 추상적인 기하학을 천문 관측으로 검증하려 한 수학자의 모습과 일치한다. 분석적 엄밀성
브리태니커와 맥튜터에 따르면 그는 1830~31년의 콜레라 유행 때 엄격한 격리로 대학을 이끌었고 1842년의 화재 때에는 직접 나서서 대학을 지켰다.
이는 위기 때 책임을 맡아 나선 행정가의 모습과 일치한다. 주도 성향
전환점
상트페테르부르크의 학자 오스트로그라드스키가 그의 연구를 호의적이지 않게 평가하고 1834년 한 잡지가 이를 조롱한 뒤에도 그는 러시아어, 프랑스어, 독일어로 이 기하학을 계속 발전시켰고, 시력을 잃은 1855년에도 《범기하학》을 프랑스어로 구술했으며, 인정은 그의 사후에야 찾아왔다.
이는 조롱과 고립 속에서도 연구를 이어 간 수학자의 모습과 일치한다. 끈기
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.


라빈드라나트 타고르

마야 안젤루

에미 뇌터

에이다 러브레이스

앨런 튜링
출처
- Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky (Q129199), verified live via the Wikidata API (2026-10-31): label 'Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky', description 'Russian mathematician (1792-1856)', born 20 November / 1 December 1792 (three birth values in different calendars), died 12 / 24 February 1856, Korean label present. Orientation only; not used as support for any row.
- Valentin A. Bazhanov, 'Nikolay Ivanovich Lobachevsky', Encyclopaedia Britannica, read in full (life and mathematical research and legacy sections). CANONICAL SIGNIFICANCE SOURCE: Russian mathematician and founder of non-Euclidean geometry, developed independently of Bolyai and Gauss; first publication in 1829, Bolyai's in 1832, Gauss never published; rector of Kazan for 19 years; ideas met with misunderstanding and scorn from Ostrogradskii and Fuss; he continued stubbornly in isolation and dictated Pangeometry in French in 1855; his geometry was understood only after Riemann and Klein. Reference entry by a historian of science.
- MacTutor History of Mathematics (University of St Andrews), 'Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky', read in full: schooling on a scholarship, his teacher Bartels, the difficult years under the curator Magnitskii, the rectorship from 1827 with a building programme, the 1830 cholera and 1842 fire, his retirement in 1846 (described as essentially a dismissal), the first printed account of non-Euclidean geometry in 1829 rejected by Ostrogradski for the St Petersburg Academy, the Dandelin-Graeffe method, the myths about Gauss that it calls false, and the later acceptance through Hoüel, Beltrami, Klein and Poincaré. Scholarly biography that corrects legends; its quotations from Vinberg and Laptev were read through it, not in the originals.
- B. A. Rosenfeld, 'Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich', Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography (Scribner, 2008), read in full via the St Andrews copy of the Encyclopedia.com text: offices held (dean, librarian, rector 1827-46, assistant trustee), the 1826 report and 1829-30 publication, his early attempts to prove the fifth postulate, the calculation of angle sums for stellar triangles to test the geometry of space, priority over Bolyai and Gauss, the uncomplimentary review by Ostrogradsky and the pamphlet ridiculing him in 1834, Gauss's private praise without public comment, Cayley's failure to understand him, and the later work of Hoüel, Beltrami, Klein and Poincaré. Detailed reference article by a Soviet historian of mathematics.
- 'Lobachevsky, Nikolai Ivanovich', Biographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers (Springer, 2007), read in full via the St Andrews copy (two pages): remembered as a founder of non-Euclidean geometry, his rise at Kazan to rector in 1827, the February 1826 paper as the apparent first public disclosure, the 1829 version in the Kazan Messenger, the physical question whether space is Euclidean, the first neglect of the work and its later recognition through Klein, Poincare, Riemann and Hilbert. Short reference entry, anonymous in the copy opened.
- 'Kryukov, Lev Dmitrievich' (Russian Wikipedia), read for the portrait attribution only: serf-born painter and miniaturist employed at Kazan University from 1806, died 13 May 1843 in Kazan, author of portraits of Kazan figures including Lobachevsky, with a Lobachevsky portrait dated to the 1830s. Orientation only; never counted as a research source.
