벤저민 프랭클린
93% 프로필 일치도
Lithograph signed A. Maurin, reproduced in Diego Mendoza, Expedición botánica de José Celestino Mutis al Nuevo Reino de Granada y Memorias inéditas de Francisco José de Caldas (Madrid, 1909), scan from the Internet Archive, public domain · Lithograph portrait of Francisco José de Caldas, captioned 'FRANCISCO JOSÉ DE CALDAS' and signed 'A. Maurin' at lower left, printed as a plate in Diego Mendoza's 'Expedición botánica de José Celestino Mutis al Nuevo Reino de Granada y Memorias inéditas de Francisco José de Caldas' (Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suárez, 1909; imprint 'Imp. de Fortanet'), from the Internet Archive's scan. The book's title page gives 1909 and Madrid, so the plate was published before 1931; Caldas died in 1816, so the lithograph is a later depiction made after his death, not a documented sitting, and it is older than the 1909 book. The Internet Archive record carries no separate rights statement, so the basis rests on the documented 1909 publication and the plate's older origin; no museum or holder claims rights. The file used is the Internet Archive's 1,895 x 2,991 pixel page image, cropped to the plate and downscaled to 732 x 1,200 pixels; nothing was upscaled. The earlier c. 1836 oil by José María Espinosa was not used because its holder was not opened. · Public domain (1909 Madrid publication of an older lithograph; no rights statement on the Internet Archive record)
천문학자 · 19세기
프란시스코 호세 데 칼다스
1768–1816
주요 업적 분야
과학교육
아직 성격 매칭에 포함되지 않았습니다 — 기록된 근거가 성격 모델 전체를 다루기에는 충분하지 않습니다. 이 페이지의 다른 모든 내용은 자유롭게 확인하실 수 있습니다.
핵심 특성
주요 업적
그는 물의 끓는점으로 고도를 재는 방법을 고안해 안데스 산지에 적용했고, 1801년부터 1809년까지 여러 글로 발표했다.
1805년부터 그는 보고타의 새 천문대를 맡아 위치와 고도를 측정하고, 기상 관측을 이어 가며 1808년에 그 기록을 발표했다.
그는 무티스의 식물원정대를 위해 키나를 채집하고 훔볼트와 고도에 따른 식물 분포를 연구했으며, 1808년부터 주간지 『누에보 레이노 데 그라나다 주보』를 펴냈으며 이 잡지는 1811년까지 이어졌다.
삶의 장면들
푸라세 화산 근처에서 온도계가 깨지자 그는 이를 수리해 눈과 끓는 물로 다시 눈금을 맞췄고, 그 불일치에서 끓는점과 기압의 관계에 이르렀다.
이는 임시로 장비를 고친 뒤 예상 밖의 불일치를 끝까지 따라가는 모습과 일치한다. 자원 활용 성향
1801년 10월, 훔볼트를 만나기 전에 그는 키토에서 편지를 보내 산타페의 친구들이 훔볼트의 기압 고도 단면도와 자료를 베껴 준 데 감사하며 그것을 보물이라 부르고 직접 주석을 달았다.
이는 만남에 앞서 스스로 더 나은 방법을 찾아 나서는 주도성과 일치한다. 선제적 행동력
전환점
1802년 그는 키토에서 훔볼트와 봉플랑을 만나 여섯 달을 함께 지내며 천문학자, 측지학자, 지리학자, 식물학자로 일하는 데 필요한 많은 것을 배웠다.
이는 독학하던 관측자가 훈련받은 여행자들을 만나 여러 분야로 시야를 넓힌 것과 일치한다. 분야 횡단성
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.
출처
- Francisco José de Caldas (Q1442069), verified live via the Wikidata API (2026-11-06): label 'Francisco José de Caldas', description 'Neogranadine lawyer and scientist (1768-1816)', born 4 October 1768, died 30 October 1816 (sources differ between 28 and 30 October), citizen of Colombia, no Korean label. Orientation only; not used as support for any row.
- Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography, 'Caldas, Francisco José De' (entry read in full via Encyclopedia.com). CANONICAL SIGNIFICANCE SOURCE: self-taught in mathematics and astronomy despite a law education; met Humboldt and Bonpland at Quito in 1802 and learned from them; commissioned by Mutis to collect plants, mainly cinchona, in the south of New Granada; took over the new Bogotá astronomical observatory in December 1805; began the Semanario del Nuevo Reino in January 1808; names as his greatest scientific achievements the method of measuring altitude by the boiling point of water, his discovery of many cinchona species and varieties, and his collaboration with Humboldt on plant distribution by altitude. The entry also covers his role in the 1810 revolt and his execution, which are not scored. A short reference entry.
- Blog of the Institute of Mathematics, University of Seville, 'Hypsometry in New Granada' (page read in full). Tells how he broke a thermometer near the Puracé volcano, repaired and recalibrated it with snow and boiling water, reasoned that the discrepancy came from atmospheric pressure at the boiling point, worried that a European had already found it, and published four articles on the method between 1801 and 1809; notes that Fahrenheit (1724) and Deluc (1762) had earlier proposed the principle, which he did not know. Relays a nineteenth-century biographer for the thermometer episode and is sympathetic.
- José Ignacio Ruiz, 'Caldas, primer geógrafo de Colombia', Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Colombia no. 91-92 (1966; article read in full). An admiring tribute by a geography dean: his 1800 volcano trip and first plant-geography observations, hypsometry, geometry teaching at the Colegio del Rosario, the observatory's coordinates, meteorological observations, Humboldt's remark that Caldas reached delicate astronomical observations alone with instruments made by his own hands, and his essay on the influence of climate; says that unlike the reserved Mutis he liked to share what he knew. Patriotic and uncritical; used with caution.
- Jorge Álvarez Lleras, 'Reseña histórica del Observatorio Astronómico y Meteorológico de Bogotá', Boletín de la Sociedad Geográfica de Colombia vol. 4 no. 1 (1937; first part read, about the first fifth of the paper). Records that the observatory was completed on 20 August 1803 at Mutis's request, that Caldas worked there from the start, that he lacked a mural circle so his work was sun transits for local time, barometric height of the building and meteorological observations, that he observed through 1807 and published the first six months of 1808, and quotes Caldas's own account of discussing the boiling-point method with Humboldt. Written by a later observatory director; frank about the instrument limits.
- Luis Carlos Arboleda, 'Las mediciones barométricas de Humboldt y Caldas en la Nueva Granada' (Universidad del Valle and Colombian Academy of Sciences; abstract and first sections read, remaining sections skimmed by keyword). A scholarly paper built on Caldas's letters: in October 1801 he thanked friends in Santa Fe for copying Humboldt's work 'as much as they could', even 'sucking him like a leech', called Humboldt's barometric profile 'a treasure for me', studied and annotated its formulas, learned the formulas from Humboldt in 1802 and later applied the Laplace formula to the observatory's height in 1809; quotes his caution that a mean barometer height needs many readings under dry, wet, hot and windy conditions. Historian of mathematics; mostly sympathetic but describes Humboldt's irritation at copyists.
- Alberto Gómez Gutiérrez, 'Alexander von Humboldt y la cooperación transcontinental en la Geografía de las plantas: una nueva apreciación de la obra fitogeográfica de Francisco José de Caldas', HiN 17(33), 2016 (abstract only; the full article was not read). The abstract compares Humboldt's 1803 manuscript on plant geography with Caldas's contemporary work, after the two lived together in Quito in the first half of 1802. Orientation on the priority debate only; no row depends on it.
- Diego Mendoza, 'Expedición botánica de José Celestino Mutis al Nuevo Reino de Granada y Memorias inéditas de Francisco José de Caldas' (Madrid: Librería General de Victoriano Suárez, 1909), copy digitised by the Internet Archive; the lithograph plate captioned 'Francisco José de Caldas' was inspected on the scanned page. Used for the portrait only, not for any trait row.