Ulysses S. Grant

Led Union forces to victory in the American Civil War, including the 1863 Vicksburg campaign's unconventional decision to cut his own army off from its supply lines, and accepted Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox in 1865.

Dictated his Personal Memoirs while dying of an extremely painful terminal throat cancer, racing to finish before death specifically to provide for his family's financial security -- completed days before he died, and widely regarded by historians as unusually candid.

As president, personally directed federal enforcement against the Ku Klux Klan in the South through the 1870-71 Enforcement Acts, to protect Black citizens' voting rights.

Failed at multiple civilian careers -- farming, real estate, working as a clerk in a leather goods store -- and resigned from the peacetime army under a cloud, before the Civil War gave him a path back to command.

A string of civilian failures followed by rebuilding a career from a lower rank is the basis for the profile's persistence score. Persistence

Freed the one enslaved person he personally owned, William Jones, in 1859 at his own financial cost during a period of hardship, when selling him would have been more profitable.

Freeing the one person he enslaved at his own financial cost, rather than selling him when it would have been profitable, is the basis for the profile's belief_updating score. Belief Updating

Continued the attack on the second day of the Battle of Shiloh rather than retreating after the first day's near-defeat -- a documented instance of rapid, committed decision-making under pressure that shaped his reputation as a commander.

Continuing to fight rather than retreating after a near-defeat is the basis for the profile's decisiveness score. Decisiveness