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94% 프로필 일치도
Henri Manuel, c. 1925, Bibliotheque nationale de France (Gallica), public domain · Photograph of Maurice Ravel by Henri Manuel (1874-1947), dated 1925, positive print 16.5 x 11.5 cm, Bibliotheque nationale de France, departement Musique, Est. Ravel M. 018 (Gallica ark:/12148/btv1b8423961b); the Gallica OAI record names Henri Manuel as creator and states 'domaine public / public domain'. Obtained from Wikimedia Commons 'Ravel 1925 (2).jpg' (uploaded 2011-07-08 by Kokin, tagged PD-old-auto-expired 1947), original 421 x 616 pixels, SHA-1 cf9d38c6f5637f2364b63768883e9167061b5502 (matches the downloaded file); saved unchanged, never resized or upscaled. Rights basis: creator died in 1947 (life plus 70 years expired in 2017, the EU/France term) and the photograph was made in 1925 (before 1931, so public domain in the United States if published); BnF's own record states public domain, so there is no conflicting institutional notice. The wikidata P18 file 'Maurice Ravel 1925.jpg' (2880 x 3840) was examined and NOT used: its Commons page names no photographer ('author unknown'), gives the date as 'assumed published in 1925' and carries a to-be-checked Gallica tag, i.e. a generic basis only. The higher-resolution Gallica download itself was blocked to automated access (403), so the 421 x 616 Commons copy of the same Gallica item is used. · Public domain (photograph by Henri Manuel, 1925, d. 1947; BnF Gallica states public domain; Commons tag PD-old-auto-expired 1947)
작곡가 · 20세기
모리스 라벨
1875–1937
주요 업적 분야
예술문화
아직 성격 매칭에 포함되지 않았습니다 — 기록된 근거가 성격 모델 전체를 다루기에는 충분하지 않습니다. 이 페이지의 다른 모든 내용은 자유롭게 확인하실 수 있습니다.
핵심 특성
주요 업적
일찍부터 독창적인 음악 어법을 확립했다. 「물의 유희」(1901)는 피아노 음향의 새로운 세계를 열었다는 평가를 받았고, 발레 「다프니스와 클로에」는 20세기 프랑스의 주요 관현악 작품으로 꼽힌다.
학자들은 그를 20세기 최고의 관현악 편곡가 중 한 사람으로 꼽는다. 1922년 지휘자 쿠세비츠키의 의뢰로 무소륵스키의 「전람회의 그림」을 관현악으로 편곡했다.
무용가 이다 루빈시테인의 요청으로 하나의 주제를 관현악 크레셴도로 쌓아 올린 「볼레로」를 작곡했고, 1928년 파리에서 초연된 이 곡은 그의 가장 널리 연주되는 작품이 되었다.
삶의 장면들
라벨은 1901년부터 1905년까지 여러 차례 로마 대상에 도전했고 1905년 예선에서 탈락했다. 이후 언론의 항의로 음악원장이 사임했지만 라벨 본인은 공개적으로 침묵했고 다시는 응시하지 않았다.
이는 공식적 인정을 받으려는 끈기와 부합하지만, 자료마다 응시 횟수가 다르고 그 자신의 설명은 전해지지 않는다. 끈기
1928년 「볼레로」 초연에서 한 여성이 작곡가가 미쳤다고 외쳤고, 라벨은 그 사람이 곡을 이해했다고 답했다고 전해진다. 그는 이 곡을 선율, 화성, 리듬이 균일하고 관현악 크레셴도만이 변화를 주는 작품이라고 설명했다.
이는 하나의 아이디어로 극단적인 형식을 의도적으로 시험한 작곡가의 모습과 부합하지만, 이 일화는 2차 종합 자료에 의존한다. 창의적 독창성
전환점
1905년 로마 대상 사건 이후 라벨은 널리 이름을 알렸다. 1909년에는 보수적인 국민음악협회의 대안으로 독립음악협회를 공동 창립했고, 1920년에는 레지옹 도뇌르 수훈을 거절했다.
이는 음악계 주류 바깥에 자신의 자리를 두려는 경향과 부합하지만, 읽은 자료에는 그 이유가 기록되어 있지 않다. 독립적 사고
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.
출처
- Maurice Ravel (Q1178) -- verified live via the Wikidata API (2026-10-23): English label 'Maurice Ravel', description 'French composer (1875-1937)', born 1875-03-07, died 1937-12-28, citizenship France, P18 image 'Maurice Ravel 1925.jpg'. Orientation only; not used as support for any row.
- Encyclopedia.com, 'Maurice Ravel' (encyclopedia.com), page read in full as raw text; it reproduces three reference entries: a Contemporary Musicians profile (Carol Brennan), an Oxford Dictionary of Music entry and the Encyclopedia of Modern Europe entry. Together they say Ravel was one of the most original figures in early twentieth-century French music who created his own musical idiom very early; that scholars deem him one of the century's best orchestrators; that his Jeux d'eau opened a new world of piano sonorities (a quoted essay in Composers Since 1900); his four or five Prix de Rome attempts, the 1905 'Ravel affair' and the resignation of Dubois; his co-founding of the Societe Musicale Independante in 1909 and of the Apaches circle; his Diaghilev ballet Daphnis et Chloe; his 1913 work with Stravinsky on a Mussorgsky orchestration; his 1920 refusal of the Legion d'honneur, described as the act of an 'independent spirit'; Stravinsky's 'Swiss clock-maker' remark and the later rejection of his formal perfection by the younger generation; Pierre Lalo's 1907 plagiarism charge; and the Ida Rubinstein commission of Bolero (1928). CANONICAL SIGNIFICANCE SOURCE. Reference compilation; the entries disagree on the number of Prix de Rome attempts (four versus a fifth) and contain colour about private habits that was not used.
- Mark Cartwright, 'Maurice Ravel', World History Encyclopedia (worldhistory.org, 26 February 2024), read via two page extractions: Ravel entered the Prix de Rome four times without winning and was eliminated in 1905; the Conservatoire director resigned; the Societe Musicale Independante was founded in 1909; Bolero was written at Ida Rubinstein's request and premiered in 1928; Stravinsky called him a 'Swiss watchmaker' and Griffiths wrote that Ravel's imagination 'had to be confirmed by calculation'; he wrote 'relatively very little' and said 'I did my work slowly, drop by drop'; he orchestrated Mussorgsky's Pictures from an Exhibition; Diaghilev never staged La valse and in 1925 Ravel refused to shake his hand, provoking a challenge to a duel; the Ravel-Debussy rivalry was largely a press invention; and Ravel's remark that a woman who called Bolero mad 'obviously understood the piece'. Secondary popular-history synthesis; Diaghilev's link to Daphnis is not stated here.
- Classiquenews, 'Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) biographie' (classiquenews.com), read via a page extraction: began piano at six; entered the Conservatoire at thirteen and befriended the pianist Ricardo Vines; lessons with Faure from 1897; four unsuccessful Prix de Rome attempts (1901, 1902, 1903, 1905) causing controversy between modernists and conservatives; Daphnis et Chloe with Michel Fokine received a mixed reception in 1912 and the audience's indifference hurt him; La Valse written for Diaghilev; the 1922 re-orchestration of Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition; Ida Rubinstein's Bolero commission premiered on 22 December 1928; he reportedly called it 'empty of music'; after the war he composed roughly one work a year; he declined the Legion d'honneur in 1920; critics called L'heure espagnole 'pornographie', received Daphnis lukewarmly and L'enfant et les sortileges coldly. NOTE: the source's date of the Bolero premiere (22 December) conflicts with other accounts (November), so it is not used for dates. Music-press biography; its health passages were excluded.
- Siri Livingston, 'Maurice Ravel at the Turn of the Century', Interlude (interlude.hk, 20 June 2025), read via a detailed page extraction: Ravel's 1905 Prix de Rome exclusion, the possible role of his contrarian handling of the cantata Myrrha (citing biographer David Burnett James) and of a reputation Cortot described as sarcastic and aloof; protests in Le Temps, Le Matin and Le Mercure de France; Romain Rolland's letter defending him as an established composer; Dubois's resignation and Faure's appointment; Ravel's public silence and never applying again; the Apaches (Vines, Calvocoressi, Falla) as his supporters; Pierre Lalo attacking and then defending him; Debussy's reported praise of his quartet; his own remark that the quartet's structure was imperfect. Independent music-journalism account with several named critics.
- Boston Symphony Orchestra, 'Koussevitzky and French Composers' (bso.org), read via a page extraction: in 1922 Serge Koussevitzky commissioned Ravel to orchestrate Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition; a few years later the BSO trustees sought a piano concerto for the 1930-31 anniversary season, which did not arrive in time, and Ravel finished the Piano Concerto in G, premiered in the US on 22 April 1932; the original programme notes record that Ravel was dissatisfied with the work; Koussevitzky conducted La Valse over sixty times and admired Ravel personally and professionally. Orchestra-institution page, promotional but specific on commissions and dates.
- Bibliotheque nationale de France, Gallica OAI record for 'Maurice Ravel / Henri Manuel' (gallica.bnf.fr, ark:/12148/btv1b8423961b), read via the OAI record service: creator 'Manuel, Henri (1874-1947). Photographe', date 1925, positive photograph 16.5 x 11.5 cm, Bibliotheque nationale de France, departement Musique, Est. Ravel M. 018, rights statement 'domaine public / public domain'. Used only for the portrait's rights, not for scoring.
- Wikimedia Commons file page 'Ravel 1925 (2).jpg' (wikitext and API record): portrait of Maurice Ravel by Henri Manuel around 1925 from the Bibliotheque nationale de France (ark btv1b8423961b), uploaded by Kokin on 8 July 2011, tagged PD-old-auto-expired (1947); original 421 x 616 pixels. Used only for the portrait record.