

Rob Mieremet / Anefo, Nationaal Archief, 30 April 1974, CC0 1.0 (cropped from the archive photograph on Wikimedia Commons and resized) · Nationaal Archief (Fotocollectie Anefo, bestanddeelnr 254-9533), via Wikimedia Commons · CC0 1.0
핵심 특성
주요 업적
크라위프는 1988년부터 1996년까지 FC 바르셀로나를 지도했다. 그의 팀은 1991년부터 1994년까지 라리가 4연패를 기록했고 1992년에는 웸블리에서 삼프도리아를 꺾고 유러피언컵에서 우승했으며, 가디언 부고는 그가 거둔 우승이 모두 11개라고 전한다.
선수 시절 크라위프는 1971년부터 1973년까지 아약스에서 유러피언컵 3연패를 이루었고, 1973년 FC 바르셀로나로 이적했다. 그는 1966년부터 1977년까지 네덜란드 대표팀에서 48경기를 뛰었으며, 1974년 월드컵 결승에서 서독에 패한 네덜란드 팀의 일원이었다.
삶의 장면들
1974년 월드컵을 앞두고 크라위프는 리누스 미헐스 감독을 설득해 얀 판 베버런(Jan van Beveren) 대신 얀 용블루트(Jan Jongbloed)를 골키퍼로 데려가게 했다. 데이비드 위너는 판 베버런을 국내 최고의 선방 능력을 지닌 골키퍼라고 소개하며, 크라위프가 그와 오랜 불화를 겪고 있었다고 쓴다. 위너에 따르면 크라위프는 용블루트가 발밑 기술이 좋고 골문에서 멀리 나올 수 있다는 점을 알아보았고, 사실상 추가 수비수처럼 움직이는 골키퍼가 있으면 네덜란드가 더 높은 위치에서 압박할 수 있다고 보았다.
선방 능력보다 발밑 기술과 활동 범위를 기준으로 골키퍼를 고른 이 결정은 이 프로필의 창의적 독창성 점수를 보여 주는 한 사례이다. 다만 그 판단의 근거는 위너의 서술에만 나온다. 창의적 독창성
1989년 5월, 3부리그 팀과의 친선경기 하프타임에 크라위프는 열여덟 살의 펩 과르디올라에게 "우리 할머니보다 느리다"고 말하고 후반전에는 뛰지 못하게 했다. 과르디올라는 훗날 크라위프가 선수를 강하게 몰아붙인 뒤, 일단 자기 팀 선수가 되면 감싸 주는 방식으로 일했다고 회고했다.
이처럼 직설적이고 먼저 나서는 지적은 이 프로필의 사회적 적극성 점수와 부합한다. 과르디올라 자신은 그 직설을 몰아붙이고 감싸 주는 방식의 한 축으로 설명한다. 사회적 적극성
전환점
1973년 아약스 선수들이 주장 투표에서 크라위프 대신 피트 케이저(Piet Keizer)를 뽑았고, 크라위프는 몇 주 안에 FC 바르셀로나로 떠났다. 위너와 쿠퍼는 모두 이 이적을 투표와 연결짓고, 앤디 볼런이 인용한 자서전에서 크라위프는 투표가 있었음을 회고하며 자신이 여전히 지나치게 이기적이라는 말을 듣고 있었다고 적는다.
투표 하나로 이적을 얼마나 설명할 수 있는지는 자료마다 다르다. 결과를 받아들이는 대신 구단을 떠나는 쪽을 택했다는 점은 이 프로필의 갈등 감내 점수와 부합한다. 갈등 감내
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.

펠라 쿠티

마크 트웨인

아웅산 수치

엘리자베스 케이디 스탠턴

힐데가르트 폰 빙엔
출처
- Johan Cruyff -- English Wikipedia, orientation only (identity, dates, career spans such as Washington Diplomats 1980-81 and the 1982 Helmond penalty). Fetched and read in part; not used as support for any scored row.
- Johan Cruyff (Q17163) -- identity verified live via the Wikidata API: label 'Johan Cruyff', description 'Dutch footballer and manager (1947-2016)', citizenship Netherlands, born 1947-04-25, died 2016-03-24, sitelinks enwiki 'Johan Cruyff' and kowiki '요한 크라위프'; P18 lists 'Johan Cruijff (1974).jpg'. Orientation only.
- Julie Welch, 'Johan Cruyff obituary: Europe's first football superstar', The Guardian, 24 Mar 2016 -- staff-written obituary (independent secondary). Read in full: his 1985 return to Ajax without coaching badges under the title technical adviser, his practice of working individually with each player at Barcelona, the conversion of Guardiola from winger to midfield pivot, his 1996 dismissal by Nunez, and his forthright criticism of Holland's 2010 World Cup final tactics.
- David Winner, 'Johan Cruyff: father of modern game who also shaped Dutch culture', The Guardian, 25 Mar 2016 -- analytical essay by the author of Brilliant Orange (independent secondary). Read in full: his demands on the Dutch FA over player pay and travel insurance, the Jongbloed goalkeeper decision for the 1974 World Cup, in-match tactical changes, the 'conflict model', the 1973 captaincy vote, the 1983 Feyenoord move, the reorganised Ajax and Barcelona youth systems, and the 2011 Ajax change of leadership.
- Richard Williams, 'Johan Cruyff: the revolutionary who changed how the world saw football', The Guardian, 24 Mar 2016 -- tribute essay (independent secondary). Read in full: his role as leader of Ajax and Holland, his debut for the teenage Dennis Bergkamp as Ajax coach, the short 2008 Ajax technical-director spell, the removal from Barcelona's honorary presidency after four months, and his support for Spain over Holland in the 2010 World Cup final.
- Donald McRae, 'Pep Guardiola: I would not be here without Johan Cruyff. He was unique', The Guardian, 7 Oct 2016 -- interview in which Guardiola (a player under Cruyff at Barcelona, firsthand) describes the May 1989 half-time rebuke, Cruyff's push-then-protect handling of players, his training-ground methods, and the same patterns used from seven-year-olds to the first team. Read in full. Guardiola is a firsthand non-self voice; the interview is a Guardiola perspective, not Cruyff's.
- Donald McRae, 'Johan Cruyff: Maybe we were the real winners in 1974', The Guardian/Observer, 26 Mar 2016 -- account of a Sept 2014 interview with Cruyff himself. SELF perspective (Cruyff's own statements, including his description of how he explained defending to Guardiola and his belief in individual coaching); counted as one perspective together with his book quotations reproduced elsewhere. Read in full; not used as a sole support for any row.
- Andy Bollen, extract from Fierce Genius: Cruyff's Year at Feyenoord, The Guardian, 11 Feb 2021 -- book extract (independent secondary) on the 1983 dispute with Ajax and the move to Feyenoord; also reproduces Cruyff's own account from My Turn (self, one perspective) and Bollen's reading of his motives (interpretive). Read in full.
- Andy Bollen, 'Cruyff at 75: Remembering the Netherlands' favourite number 14', The Set Pieces, 25 Apr 2022 -- career retrospective by the author of Fierce Genius (same author as the Guardian extract, so ONE perspective with it). Read in full: Johnny Rep's recollection of Cruyff's constant instructions (quoted from Winner's Brilliant Orange), the 1985 refusal to take coaching badges, the individual work with Guardiola, the 2010 newspaper column and 2011 Ajax youth-plan dispute.
- 'Johan Cruyff: The player, the coach, the legacy', FourFourTwo, republished 24 Mar 2016 (standfirst credits Simon Kuper; the page byline shows FourFourTwo's Ben Clark; internal references show it was written around 2009). Long biographical profile with many dated behavioural anecdotes and the author's own interviews (independent secondary; anecdotes are largely single-sourced to this author). Read in full; the father, family, health and finance passages were deliberately not used.
- Steven Scragg, 'When Ajax didn't want Johan Cruyff he left for Feyenoord ... and won the double', These Football Times, 16 Dec 2019 -- season retrospective of 1983-84 (independent secondary). Read in full: the 1983 move and, on Cruyff's insistence, left-back Stanley Brard being played as a left winger.
- 'Johan Cruyff: The Tactical Masters', Coaches' Voice (unsigned in the fetched text; tactical analysis) -- description of his 1985-96 coaching model (triangles, 3-4-3/4-3-3, Laudrup as false nine). Read in full. Unsigned analysis, so used only as supporting evidence.
- Michael Laudrup, 'In my own words' column, fcbarcelona.com (Dec 2019) -- first-person recollection by a player Cruyff coached at Barcelona (firsthand non-self); hosted on the club's site, so treated as affiliated-hosted. Read in full: his account of Cruyff's training sessions and ability to explain a tactical situation in 10-15 seconds.
- Hristo Stoichkov, 'In my own words' column, fcbarcelona.com (May 2020) -- first-person recollection by a player Cruyff coached at Barcelona (firsthand non-self); club-hosted. Read in full: Cruyff's stated plan for him, his habit of saying things to rile him, and the calming talk he and Charly Rexach gave him after a clasico stamping incident.
- 'Ajax board of directors resign after disagreement with Johan Cruyff', The Guardian, 30 Mar 2011 -- unsigned agency-style news report: the board's resignation over a disagreement with Cruyff, who had returned in February 2011 to advise on technical issues and wanted the coach and former players given wider roles. Read in full; short, so used only as dated corroboration.
- 'Johan Cruyff set to leave Ajax after boardroom dispute', The Guardian, 29 Nov 2011 -- unsigned news report: the members' council called on the supervisory board (including Cruyff) to resign; Cruyff said he and ten club coaches would take legal action over three directors' appointments, on which he said he was not consulted. Read in full; short, used only as dated corroboration.
