

John Theodore Heins (1697-1756), Portrait of George Frideric Handel, c. 1740, oil on canvas, Stiftung Händel-Haus Halle (permanent loan, Stiftung der Saalesparkasse); public domain (artist died 1756); downscaled · Stiftung Händel-Haus Halle (permanent loan of the Stiftung der Saalesparkasse), via Google Art Project / Die Konferenz Nationaler Kultureinrichtungen and Wikimedia Commons · Public domain
핵심 특성
주요 업적
1742년 4월 13일 더블린 피셤블 스트리트의 새 뮤직 홀에서 헨델의 오라토리오 「메시아」가 죄수 구제 협회, 머서 병원, 자선 진료소를 돕는 공연으로 열렸다. 더블린 저널은 그가 이 공연의 수익을 세 자선 기관이 똑같이 나누도록 내놓았다고 보도했다.
1749년 5월부터 런던 신문들은 파운들링 병원(기아 보호 시설)의 이익을 위한 헨델 음악 공연을 알렸고, 1751년과 1756년의 보도는 이 병원 예배당에서 그의 지휘로 「메시아」가 연주되었다고 전한다. 1751년 4월의 한 보도는 그가 예배당에 오르간을 기증했다고 적고 있으며, 1757년 8월 4일자 유언 보충서에는 「메시아」 악보 필사본과 파트보를 이 병원에 남긴다는 조항이 있다.
1739년 3월 런던 데일리 포스트는 헨델이 생활이 어려워진 음악가와 그 가족을 돕는 기금의 이익을 위해 오페라 극장 사용권을 내놓았으며 「알렉산더의 향연」 공연을 직접 지휘할 계획이라고 보도했다. 1741년 3월에도 같은 기금을 위한 또 한 차례의 공연 광고에 그의 음악이 실렸다.
삶의 장면들
1729년 1월 말, 헨델은 왕립 음악 아카데미의 위임을 받아 가수를 모집하기 위해 이탈리아로 떠나기에 앞서 국왕 내외에게 작별 인사를 했다. 7월 초 런던 신문들은 그가 계약을 마치고 돌아왔다고 보도했으며, 그중 베이스 가수 한 명은 '이탈리아에는 고용할 만한 사람이 없어서' 함부르크에서 구했다고 전했다.
이 일화는 기록에 나타난 이후의 두 차례 재기 시도(1734년과 1740년)와 함께 놓고 볼 때 끈기와 부합한다. 다만 이 일화만으로 그가 얼마나 오래 버틸 각오였는지까지 알 수는 없다. 끈기
1735년 3월 런던 데일리 포스트는 헨델이 사순절을 위한 오라토리오 여러 편을 준비했으며 「에스더」에 곡을 보태고 자신이 독주를 맡는 오르간 협주곡 두 곡을 더한다고 알렸다. 메리 펜다브스는 3월 15일 편지에서 그 두 협주곡을 직접 들었다며 '내 평생 들은 것 중 가장 훌륭한 것'이라 썼고, 3월 20일 《올드 휘그》에 실린 익명의 편지는 그가 그해 겨울 거의 빈 일층 객석 앞에서 연주하기도 했다고 주장했다.
이미 자리 잡은 장르 안에서 새 요소를 더한 것은 형식을 시험해 보려는 의지를 보여 주는 한 예이며, 익명의 편지가 전하는 내용은 반응이 엇갈렸음을 시사한다. 실험 성향
전환점
친구였던 제4대 샤프츠베리 백작은 1760년의 회고록에서, 1740-41년 런던 공연이 별다른 호응을 얻지 못하자 헨델이 공연을 '접고' 1741년 아일랜드로 갔다고 적었다. 더블린 신문은 1741년 11월 그가 여러 연주자와 함께 도착했다고 보도했고, 찰스 제넨스는 12월 5일 편지에서 그가 돌아올 때까지 런던이 '몹시 따분한 곳'이 되리라고 썼다.
기록에 나타난 여러 차례의 장소·형식 변화 가운데 하나인 이 이동은 적응력의 한 예이며, 그 이유에 관한 설명은 친구의 훗날 회고에 의존한다. 적응력
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.
출처
- George Frideric Handel (English Wikipedia) -- orientation only (dates, birthplace, naturalisation, occupations); not used as support for any scored row. Fetched and read.
- George Frideric Handel (Q7302) -- identity verified live through the Wikidata API (wbgetentities): en label 'George Frideric Handel', en description 'German-British Baroque composer (1685-1759)', ko label '게오르크 프리드리히 헨델', P27 three values, P18 'George Frideric Handel by Balthasar Denner.jpg'. Orientation only.
- 게오르크 프리드리히 헨델 (Korean Wikipedia) -- opened to confirm the conventional Korean rendering of the name and the person's identity (Baroque composer, 1685-1759). Orientation only.
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1729 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: Daily Post 27 Jan 1729 (Handel takes leave to go to Italy with a commission from the Royal Academy); Paolo Rolli's letters to Senesino of 25 Jan and 4/7 Feb 1729 (a rival librettist, reproduced from Streatfeild's 1917 translation); Owen Swiney to the Duke of Richmond 27 May 1729; Daily Courant 2 Jul 1729 and other notices (singers contracted, 'a Bass Voice from Hamburgh'); G. G. Zamboni to Count Manteuffel 8/19 Jul 1729. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1732 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: printed wordbook of Esther as performed by the Chapel Royal children and the Philharmonic Society, 23 Feb-3 Mar 1732; Daily Journal 20 Apr 1732 (public performance at York Buildings, promoter not named); Daily Journal / Daily Advertiser 2 May 1732 (Handel's own revised English Esther at the King's Theatre); Percival's diary 2 May 1732. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1733 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: Daily Journal 13 Mar 1733 and 3 Apr 1733 (Deborah ticket prices); Percival's diary 27 Mar 1733; The Craftsman / The Bee, Apr and 2 Jun 1733 (satire on Deborah; report that Handel had sent Senesino word his services were no longer needed); Charles Delafaye to the Earl of Essex, 24 May 1733 (BL Add. Ms. 27732 f. 172). Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1734 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: London Evening Post 11-13 Jul 1734 and 10-12 Oct 1734 (Handel to perform opera at Covent Garden by agreement with John Rich while the noblemen's opera took the Haymarket). Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1735 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: London Daily Post 4 Mar 1735 (Handel has prepared several oratorios for Lent, additions to Esther, two organ concertos with Handel playing the solos); Mary Pendarves to her mother 15 Mar 1735; 'A Letter to a Friend in the Country' in The Old Whig, 20 Mar 1735. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1739 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: London Daily Post 3 and 6 Mar 1739 (Alexander's Feast for the fund for decayed musicians, Handel 'has generously given the Use of the Opera-House, and intends to direct the Performance'); the 10 Feb 1739 notice of Saul 'with several Concerto's on the Organ'. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1741 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: London Daily Post 23 Feb 1741 and the 14 Mar 1741 notice (benefit of the fund for decayed musicians); Dublin Journal notices of Nov-Dec 1741 (Handel's arrival with singers); Charles Jennens to James Harris, 5 Dec 1741 ('Handel took only Miss Edwards & one Mrs Maclean with him ... for the rest depends on the Dublin choirs'). Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1742 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: Mercer's Hospital governors' minute of 4 Mar 1742 (benefit performance to be applied entirely to the charities); Faulkner's Dublin Journal notices of Mar-Apr 1742 and the report in the issue of 13-17 Apr 1742 that Handel gave the proceeds of the Messiah performance to three charities. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1743 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: Charles Jennens to Edward Holdsworth, 24 Mar 1743 (Handel 'too idle & too obstinate to retouch' weak parts of Messiah despite Jennens's importunity) and 15 Sep 1743; the health remarks in the same letters were deliberately not used. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1744 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: Handel's own letters to Charles Jennens of 19 Jul, 21 Aug and 13 Sep 1744 (from the 1973 Christie's autograph catalogue; self-authored -- one perspective), in particular the 19 Jul request to 'point out these passages in the Messiah which you think require altering'. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1745 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: Charles Jennens to Edward Holdsworth, late Aug/early Sep 1745 (Handel corrected 'some of the grossest faults' after great difficulty but 'retain'd his Overture obstinately'); the health remarks in the 16 Oct 1745 letter were deliberately not used. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1749 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: press notices of 27 May 1749 (grand performance of Handel's music for the benefit of the Foundling Hospital) and 12 Sep 1749 ('Mr. Handel is going to make a Present of an Organ to the Foundling Hospital'). Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1751 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: press report of the Messiah performance in the Foundling Hospital chapel, April 1751 ('that great benefactor to the charity ... by his repeated performances in that Chapel'; the organ 'which he gave to the said Chapel'). Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1756 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: press notice of the Foundling Hospital Messiah, 19 May 1756 ('whose repeated Benefactions to that Charity, as well as to others, both in England and Ireland, deserve the highest Acknowledgments'). Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- Handel Reference Database (Ilias Chrissochoidis, Stanford mirror), year page 1757 -- transcriptions of dated documents by many independent hands; downloaded and read at the entries named: codicil to Handel's will dated 4 Aug 1757 (gift to the Foundling Hospital of 'a fair copy of the Score and all the Parts' of Messiah) -- self-authored legal text. Transcriptions taken as given (not checked against the originals).
- The Fourth Earl of Shaftesbury's 'Memoirs of Handel' (1760; The National Archives PRO 30/24/28/84, ff. 424r-430v), as transcribed on the Handel Reference Database -- a friend and patron's corrective notes on Mainwaring's Memoirs, written after Handel's death, from memory (FRIENDLY witness; independent of Mainwaring; the transcription is typographically rough). Read in full (about 12,000 characters); the passages on the 1737 illness and the finances were deliberately not used.
- Charles Burney, An Account of the Musical Performances in Westminster-Abbey ... in Commemoration of Handel (1785), 'Sketch of the Life of Handel', Internet Archive OCR text -- an admiring later biographer (writing 26 years after Handel's death), partly firsthand (a schoolboy at Chester in 1741) and partly drawn from Mainwaring and others. The Sketch (its text and footnotes) was read at the passages on the Royal Academy, the Senesino quarrel, the oratorios, Dublin and the Foundling Hospital, not word by word; used as corroboration only, and its Dublin chronology is corrected by the contemporary Dublin press.
- The Autobiography and Correspondence of Mary Granville, Mrs. Delany, ed. Lady Llanover, vol. 1 (Bentley, 1861), Internet Archive OCR text -- firsthand, friendly and independent correspondence of Mary Pendarves; read at the Handel passages (found by text search; esp. the letter of 15 Mar 1734-5 on his playing and the organ concertos in Esther); the volume as a whole was not read.
- Andrew V. Jones, 'Further Thoughts on Borrowings in Handel's Agrippina', The Handel Institute Newsletter 22/1 (Spring 2011) -- a scholar's note (with footnotes citing Buelow, Roberts and Baselt) on Handel's practice of borrowing, mostly from his own earlier music. Only the opening article was read (the rest of the issue was not).





