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National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution -- portrait taken 15 June 1921, the day Coleman earned her pilot's license · National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, via NASA GRIN (Great Images in NASA) archive, via Wikimedia Commons · Public domain (U.S. government work)
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출처
- Bessie Coleman
- Bessie Coleman (Q254376)
- Amy Sue Bix, "Bessie Coleman: Race and Gender Realities Behind Aviation Dreams", ch. 1 in Realizing the Dream of Flight: Biographical Essays in Honor of the Centennial of Flight, 1903-2003 (NASA SP-2005-4112, ed. Launius & Garber) -- an independent scholarly essay, published by NASA's History Division from a NASA/Smithsonian-convened conference, itself citing and quoting Doris Rich's Queen Bess: Daredevil Aviator (Smithsonian Institution Press, 1993), Jill Snider's dissertation research "Great Shadow in the Sky", and multiple contemporary newspapers directly by date (Chicago Defender, New York Times, Houston Post-Dispatch, Chicago Tribune, Afro-American). Full chapter (pp. 1-27) fetched as a PDF directly from nasa.gov, converted to text, and read in full for this research -- not a search-summary skim.
- Texas State Historical Association, "Bessie Coleman: The First Licensed Black Pilot", Handbook of Texas Online -- an independent institutional encyclopedia entry (distinct authorship and distinct underlying source base from Bix: cites the Austin American-Statesman, Dallas Morning News, Houston Post-Dispatch, Bilstein & Miller's Aviation in Texas (1985), Anita King's 1976 Essence profile, and Rich's biography). Fully read in this cycle.