레오나르도 다빈치
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Dedication portrait of José Celestino Mutis from A. von Humboldt and A. Bonpland, stipple engraving, engraver and date not recorded, Wellcome Collection, public domain · Stipple engraving of José Celestino Mutis in an oval with flowers, lettered with the dedication 'A Don Jose Celestino Mutis, Directeur en chef de l'Expedition Botanique du Roy.me de la N.lle Grenade, Astronome Royal, à Santa Fé de Bogota. Comme une foible marque d'Admiration et de Reconnoissance.' and signed 'A. de Humboldt' and 'Aimé Bonpland'; Wellcome Collection (reference 7116i), whose catalogue lists the dedicators as Humboldt and Bonpland, gives no engraver or date, and rates the digital image Public Domain Mark. The print is the dedication plate that Humboldt and Bonpland made for Mutis, who died in 1808, so it is an early nineteenth-century print made by others, not a documented sitting. The file used is the holder's 2,363 x 3,063 pixel image, cropped once to the plate and downscaled to 1,065 x 1,200 pixels; nothing was upscaled. · Public domain (Wellcome Collection Public Domain Mark; early nineteenth-century print)
박물학자 · 근세
호세 셀레스티노 무티스
1732–1808
주요 업적 분야
과학교육
아직 성격 매칭에 포함되지 않았습니다 — 기록된 근거가 성격 모델 전체를 다루기에는 충분하지 않습니다. 이 페이지의 다른 모든 내용은 자유롭게 확인하실 수 있습니다.
핵심 특성
주요 업적
그는 1783년부터 1808년 사망할 때까지 누에바그라나다 왕립 식물원정대를 이끌며 채집가와 화가들을 직접 길렀고, 원정대는 약 2,700종 식물의 그림을 남겼다.
그는 누에바그라나다의 키나(기나나무)를 연구해 약용 네 종과 스물네 변종을 구분했으며, 가톨릭 백과사전은 이 연구가 그의 업적에 지속적 가치를 준다고 평가한다.
1762년 그는 로사리오 대학에 수학 강좌를 열어 학생들이 뉴턴과 코페르니쿠스를 읽게 했고, 그의 노력으로 1802~03년 보고타 천문대가 세워졌다.
삶의 장면들
1762년 수학 강좌를 열면서 그는 학생들에게 뉴턴의 프린키피아와 코페르니쿠스를 읽게 했고, 도미니코회가 종교재판소 대리인에게 그를 고발했으나 재판소는 코페르니쿠스 이론을 단죄할 수 없다고 판결했다.
이는 지역의 반대에도 새로운 이론을 가르친 모습과 일치하지만, 총독과 왕실이 그를 뒷받침했다는 점도 고려해야 한다. 독립적 사고
1760년 카르타헤나에 처음 도착했을 때 그는 일기에 배를 따라온 상어 네 마리와, 속을 가려내지 못한 꼬치고기 두 마리를 기록했다.
이는 낯선 동물을 기록하고 자신의 판별 한계까지 적어 두는 초기의 습관과 일치한다. 호기심
전환점
1783년 카를로스 3세가 그를 식물원정대의 책임자로 임명했고, 그는 수년간 이 나라의 식물상 조사를 구상해 온 끝에 마리키타에 정착해 원정대를 지휘했다.
이는 오래 품어 온 계획이 마침내 조직적인 사업으로 바뀐 것과 일치한다. 선제적 행동력
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.
출처
- José Celestino Mutis y Bosio (Q731937), verified live via the Wikidata API (2026-11-06): label 'José Celestino Mutis y Bosio', description 'Spanish mathematician and botanist (1732-1808)', born 6 April 1732, died 11 September 1808, citizen of Spain, many occupations recorded, Korean label 호세 셀레스티노 무티스. Orientation only; not used as support for any row.
- Josef Rompel, 'José Celestino Mutis', The Catholic Encyclopedia (1911; entry read in full on New Advent). CANONICAL SIGNIFICANCE SOURCE: physician to the viceroy of New Granada from 1760, taught mathematics, founded and directed the Bogotá observatory near the end of his life, devoted his energy to the natural history of New Granada, appointed in 1783 leader of the state-founded botanical expedition, trained collectors, painters and engravers and taught Zea, Caldas and Restrepo, studied the cinchona trees (four officinal species and twenty-four varieties), corresponded with Linnaeus, hosted Humboldt and Bonpland in 1801. Critical voice: says he 'never ended his researches' and published almost nothing in his lifetime, and that his manuscripts lay unnoticed in Madrid; also defends him against critics who treat him as an unimportant amateur. A century-old reference article by a Catholic scholar.
- Henry Darío Agudelo-Zamora, 'José Celestino Mutis and the gestation of ichthyology in the Viceroyalty of New Granada', Caldasia 44(3), 2022 (article read in the introduction and the first section, about a third of the text). A peer-reviewed paper that lists his roles (physician, miner, botanist, naturalist, astronomer, cleric, mathematics professor), quotes his 1760 diary notes on sharks and barracudas on arrival, records that he always had at least two paintings made of each important specimen (one for Spain, one kept in Santafé as a backup), that the only study he did at Linnaeus's request was on ants, and, citing a 1905 biography, that his patience, calm nature and perfectionism were admirable but kept him from publishing most of his findings. The ichthyology sections that follow were not read.
- Alfredo D. Bateman, 'José Celestino Mutis: la influencia de Mutis en la cultura nacional', lecture to the Academia Colombiana de Ciencias, 28 October 1960 (printed text read for about the first two thirds). A celebratory institutional lecture, with many quotations from earlier biographers: his arrival in 1760, the opening of the mathematics chair at the Colegio del Rosario on 13 March 1762, the Dominican denunciation to the Inquisition over Copernican teaching and the viceroy's protection, the 1772-73 cinchona finds near Bogotá, the mining reports of the 1770s, the 1783 foundation of the expedition, and his own letter saying that in the face of local beliefs he preferred silence to unbearable contradictions. Admiring and patriotic; used with caution.
- Museo Nacional de Colombia, travelling exhibition panel 'José Celestino Mutis 1732-1808: Las matemáticas y la astronomía' (curated by Ángela Santamaría Delgado, 2008; panel read in full). States that in 1762 he opened the mathematics chair at the Colegio Mayor del Rosario to spread the mathematical and physical sciences, that students read Newton's Principia and Copernicus there, that he was ordained on 19 December 1772, and that through his efforts and the viceroy's support the Bogotá astronomical observatory was built in 1802-03 under Francisco José de Caldas. A short institutional text.
- Patrick Gibson, 'The Expedition Continues, Colombia', Botany One (page read in full). Review of a 2023 book from three botanical institutions: Mutis arrived in 1760, directed the Royal Botanical Expedition from 1783 until his death in 1808, the expedition's artists made drawings of 2,696 plants, the painters received plants in different seasonal stages, and the work reached Madrid in 1816-17 and returned to Colombia in 2023. Used only to corroborate the expedition's scale.
- Universidad del Rosario, 'Correspondencia de Mutis a Linneo' (page read in full): Latin transcription, with a Spanish translation noted, of Mutis's letter to Linnaeus from Santafé in 1764, held by the Linnean Society of London. Primary, self-authored: lists his earlier letters to Linnaeus since 1761, mentions an ants study and a plan for an American journey sent to the King in May 1763 with the viceroy's testimony, his medical practice, and an inaugural oration for Newtonian philosophy against the Peripatetics that he had not yet finished, and says he kept copies of his letters. Treated as self-report.
- José Ramón Marcaida and Juan Pimentel, 'Green treasures and paper floras: The business of Mutis in New Granada (1783-1808)', History of Science 52(3), 2014 (abstract only; the full article is behind a paywall and was not read). Abstract says the paper examines his work as naturalist and entrepreneur, his promotion of quina, cinnamon and tea, and the expedition's artistic workshop that produced the Flora de Bogotá. Orientation on the commercial side only; no row depends on it.
- Wellcome Collection, 'José Celestino Mutis. Stipple engraving.' (catalogue record and IIIF image read live; Public Domain Mark; note 'Dedicated to Mutis by A. Humboldt and A. Bonpland'). Used for the portrait only, not for any trait row.