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Underwood & Underwood, c. 1912; Library of Congress (public domain) · Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, '[John Muir, seated, reading a book]', photographer Underwood & Underwood, dated c1912 May 29 on the record, with the note 'J169749 U.S. Copyright Office' (a 1912 U.S. copyright entry), call number BIOG FILE - Muir, John, reproduction number LC-DIG-ppmsca-18943. The Library's rights statement is 'No known restrictions on publication', but the basis relied on here is item-level: a professional studio photograph published and registered in the United States in 1912, so its U.S. protection has expired by age (works published before 1931). Muir was about 74 and the sitting was a documented photograph of him, so it is a likeness. Saved from the Wikimedia Commons file 'John Muir 1912.jpg' at its original 504 x 645 pixels with no resizing or upscaling; a larger Library of Congress scan could not be fetched. · Public domain
박물학자 · 19세기
존 뮤어
1838–1914
주요 업적 분야
과학문학
아직 성격 매칭에 포함되지 않았습니다 — 기록된 근거가 성격 모델 전체를 다루기에는 충분하지 않습니다. 이 페이지의 다른 모든 내용은 자유롭게 확인하실 수 있습니다.
핵심 특성
주요 업적
자연학자이자 작가로, 잡지에 쓴 글 덕분에 브리태니커는 그가 1890년 세쿼이아와 요세미티 국립공원 설립에 큰 책임이 있다고 평가한다. 1892년 시에라 클럽을 세워 초대 회장을 맡았다.
『캘리포니아의 산들』(1894), 『우리의 국립공원』(1901), 『요세미티』(1912)와 『천 마일 걷기』 같은 사후 출간 일지 등 미국 자연 문학의 중요한 저작을 남겼다.
1874~75년 요세미티 계곡이 빙하의 침식으로 만들어졌다고 주장해 당시 널리 퍼진 격변설에 맞섰다. 브리태니커는 그가 이 이론을 처음 제시했으며 지금은 대체로 받아들여진다고 설명한다.
삶의 장면들
1870년대 초 요세미티의 제재소에서 일하며 일요일마다 계곡의 지질과 식물, 물까마귀를 비롯한 동물을 자세히 관찰했고, 빙하가 계곡을 빚었다는 생각을 다듬어 갔다.
이는 스스로 이끌어 간 호기심과 일치하지만, 세부 내용은 대체로 뮤어 본인의 일지를 다시 전한 것이다. 호기심
정식 지질학 훈련이 없었던 그는 요세미티가 갑작스러운 지진 붕괴가 아니라 빙하에 의해 깎였다고 주장했고, 조지프 르콩트는 감명받아 첫 기고를 권했다. 다만 후대 지리학자의 서평은 그가 빙하의 범위를 과장했다고 평한다.
이는 지배적 견해에 맞선 독립적 사고와 일치하며, 다소 지나친 면도 있었다. 독립적 사고
전환점
1867년 산업 현장 사고로 한쪽 눈을 거의 잃을 뻔한 뒤 기계 발명 일을 접고 천 마일 도보 여행에 나섰으며, 1868년 요세미티로 가서 자연에 평생을 바치기로 했다.
이는 자연 속에서 독립적으로 일하는 쪽으로 스스로 방향을 바꾼 것과 일치한다. 자율성 욕구
비슷한 인물
전체적인 프로필이 이 사람과 닮은 사람들이에요.
레오나르도 다빈치
93% 프로필 일치도
거트루드 벨
93% 프로필 일치도
소르 후아나 이네스 데 라 크루스
92% 프로필 일치도
에이다 러브레이스
87% 프로필 일치도
T. E. 로렌스
87% 프로필 일치도
출처
- John Muir (Q379580) -- verified live via the Wikidata API (2026-10-26): English label 'John Muir', description 'Scottish-American naturalist (1838-1914)', born 1838-04-21, died 1914-12-24, Korean label present, P18 images 'John Muir 1912.jpg' and 'Muir portrait 1872.jpg'. Orientation only; not used as support for any row.
- Encyclopaedia Britannica, 'John Muir' (britannica.com, updated October 2026), read in full: Scottish-born American naturalist, writer and advocate of forest conservation; emigration to Wisconsin in 1849; the 1867 industrial accident that turned him from mechanical inventions to nature; the 1,000-mile walk to the Gulf; Yosemite from 1868; the 1874-75 Overland Monthly articles attributing Yosemite's formation to glacial erosion, a theory it says he was the first to present and which is now generally accepted; his magazine writing and the 1890 Yosemite and Sequoia parks; the Sierra Club founded in 1892; his disagreement with Gifford Pinchot; his books (The Mountains of California, Our National Parks, The Yosemite and posthumous journals); and a closing passage on his harmful attitudes toward Black and Indigenous peoples. CANONICAL SIGNIFICANCE SOURCE. Reference work; it treats advocacy as central to his significance, which this profile scores only as context.
- U.S. National Park Service, 'John Muir', Yosemite National Park website (nps.gov/yose), read in full: the 1868 first visit, his work as ranch hand, shepherd and sawmill hand for James Hutchings, the tension that led him to quit in 1871, his first glacier article in the New York Tribune in 1871, his friendships with botanists, artists and editors (Asa Gray, Albert Kellogg and others), his 1876 forest-preservation article, the 1889 Tuolumne Meadows trip with Robert Underwood Johnson, the Hetch Hetchy fight and his death, with quotations from My First Summer in the Sierra and The Yosemite. Admiring government-agency account.
- Tony Perrottet, 'John Muir's Yosemite', Smithsonian magazine, June 2008 issue (smithsonianmag.com), read in full: Muir's first shelter in Yosemite and the cabin he built with Harry Randall over a diverted creek, the 1868-1874 years, his shepherding of 2,000 sheep to Tuolumne Meadows and later disdain for 'hoofed locusts', his ascent of Cathedral Peak with a notebook, studies of the valley's geology, plants and the water ouzel on Sunday excursions, climbing into a glacier and riding an avalanche, Theresa Yelverton's contemporary description of him in a novel, Joseph LeConte's encouragement of his glacial theory and first article, Emerson's visit, the park-boundary and Roosevelt episodes, the Hetch Hetchy defeat, and the criticism of Muir's remarks on Native Americans by a Maidu park ranger. Journalism with quotations from curators and rangers.
- Robert M. Wilson, review of Donald Worster, A Passion for Nature: The Life of John Muir (Oxford University Press, 2008), H-HistGeog, H-Net Reviews, August 2009 (PDF read in full): describes Worster's biography as exhaustive, neither hagiography nor a response to critics; Muir as a manual labourer (farmer, millwright, shepherd) until his early forties; wandering excursions such as the 1867 walk; Worster's argument that Muir extended liberal ideals to the nonhuman world and held a pantheistic religion of nature; Muir's willingness to compromise on tourism at Hetch Hetchy; the criticism by environmental historians of Muir's wilderness ideal as elitist. Worster's book itself was not opened.
- Jeffrey R. Trust, review of Jeffrey P. Schaffer, The Geomorphic Evolution of the Yosemite Valley and Sierra Nevada Landscapes, Yearbook of the Association of Pacific Coast Geographers 59 (1997), 153-157 (Project MUSE; first page excerpt read): an academic geographer's aside that Muir, a broadly educated naturalist rather than a geologist, proclaimed that glaciers rather than earthquakes formed Yosemite Valley, against the state geologist Josiah Whitney, and that the long controversy ended with Whitney recanting his earlier statements and Muir 'turning extremist' and overstating the effects and extent of Yosemite's glaciers. A brief independent note from a book review on another subject; only the opening was readable.
- Dan Styer (Oberlin College physics department), 'Resources for Retracing John Muir's 1869 First Summer in the Sierra' (oberlin.edu, 17 March 2020), read in full: a short academic web page warning, after Steven J. Holmes, that Muir's 1869 journal is lost, that My First Summer in the Sierra (1911) rests on Muir's 1887 rewriting and modification of it, and that this explains how he can present a confident unified glaciation theory by July 11 in the account. Short academic note; Holmes's own work was not opened.
- Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, record 2008679854, '[John Muir, seated, reading a book]', Underwood & Underwood, photographer, c1912 May 29, call number BIOG FILE - Muir, John, reproduction number LC-DIG-ppmsca-18943, notes 'J169749 U.S. Copyright Office', rights statement 'No known restrictions on publication' (JSON record read), and the Wikimedia Commons file page 'John Muir 1912.jpg' that reproduces it. Checked for the portrait's rights. Not used for any scoring.